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Inexperienced consumers believe that there are no types of vodka, and all that is sold is only ethyl alcohol diluted with water. But in fact, the vodka assortment is very wide. Not only is the alcohol itself obtained by different methods, it is also possible to improve the taste of the drink with various additives.

In Russia, it is customary to distinguish two types of vodkas: ordinary and special.

Ordinary – these are simple water-alcohol mixtures that do not contain foreign impurities, they only include alcohol and water. The taste of these vodkas depends on the concentration of alcohol and the quality of the water. In our stores, ordinary species are represented by such varieties of vodka as Pshenichnaya, Ordinary Starorusskaya, Sibirskaya, Extra.

Special – in their production, aromatic and flavoring additives are used that soften the burning taste of alcohol. Drinking them is more pleasant than ordinary types of vodkas. Special vodkas include: Stolichnaya, Posolskaya, Russkaya, Moskovskaya Osobaya and Rossiyskaya.

In many countries, there are alcoholic drinks that resemble vodka. The recipe and raw materials may differ, but in a sense, it is also vodka.

Vodka-like drinks

As you can see from the table, drinks similar to vodka are made from raw materials that are in abundance in a particular area. Mainly used are cereals, grapes and anise.

Do not forget that only drinks produced in Russia can be called “vodka”. This right was received by the USSR in 1982 by a decision of international arbitration.

It is not uncommon for people to pour beer onto their laptop. An open bottle stands near the computer, but suddenly, with one careless movement, it falls over on the keyboard. None of us is immune from this annoying situation. I’ll tell you what to do to save my device. The tips are relevant for any liquid (water, coffee, juice, soda) that gets on your laptop.

You need to act quickly before the beer seeps through the keyboard and causes a short circuit in the electrical boards. You only have a few seconds (up to a minute) to minimize losses. If you do not have time, the price of the repair will unpleasantly surprise you.

Tips for the user who spills beer on a laptop

1. Immediately disconnect the power supply from the mains. To do this, it is better to unplug the cord directly from the laptop, rather than look for an outlet under the table, it will be faster.

2. If a lot of beer has spilled onto the device, the laptop is placed on its edge and the liquid is poured from the keyboard onto the table.

Then the battery is disconnected. I recommend that you find out in advance how this is done in your model, otherwise you will waste precious time. There is no need to worry about the correct shutdown of Windows, now it is more important to quickly de-energize the device itself.

3. If some beer is spilled on the laptop, then simply lift it up to disconnect the battery. Then the liquid is absorbed with wipes or cotton wool.

4. It remains to disconnect the backup battery (if installed) and remove the Real-time CMOS battery (desirable but not required). Only then is the laptop completely de-energized.

5. The device needs to be disassembled and thoroughly cleaned. If the leftover beer is not removed, the laptop will break down after a while due to electrochemical corrosion. The best option is to take it to a service center, where professionals will do the restoration.

A flooded laptop should not be rinsed with water and dried with a hairdryer; these actions will only aggravate the situation. For cleaning, alcohol or special chemicals are used.

The overwhelming majority of our citizens know about wine only that it can be red, white, sweet, semi-sweet and dry. This knowledge is usually enough. Problems begin when you have to choose a good wine in the store. We will consider the important nuances that you should pay attention to when choosing a drink.

It is believed that only professionals (sommeliers) can determine the quality of wine, and a common man cannot do it. In fact, wine is an ordinary commodity with simple characteristics, the meaning of which can be understood by everyone.

Wine selection rules in the store

1. We buy only dry and sweet wines. The fact is that semi-sweet wines are popular only in Russia and neighboring countries. Often, for their preparation, the lowest-quality wine materials and production waste of other types are used.

In addition, semi-sweet wines contain more preservatives than dry and sweet wines. This is due to the fact that dry wines do not contain sugar, so their fermentation is difficult. In sweet varieties, sugar is a natural preservative.

When you buy semi-sweet wine, you agree to drink a low-quality product that contains a lot of preservatives and other chemicals.

2. The name of the manufacturer. On the front side of the label of good wines, their manufacturer must be indicated. All honest distilleries strive to make their products recognizable. They print their name (trade mark) in large letters on the label, and do not hide behind a small print.

3. Harvest year. Good wines are labeled with the vintage of the grapes. If this information is not available, most likely you are buying a diluted concentrate or another achievement of modern chemistry.

4. Grape varieties. Quality wines in the lower and middle price range are made by mixing (blending) several grape varieties, the producer must name them. For example, a bottle of Italian Chianti wine may contain the following information about varieties: Sangiovese 80%, Colorino 10%, Punitello 10%.

If you see the inscription on the label: “wine made from selected grape varieties”, this is a drink made from leftovers that are not suitable for the production of quality wines.

The exception is French wines. According to the legislation, the producers of this country have the right not to indicate on the label the variety of grapes used. The quality of their products is controlled on a regional basis.

5. Container and cork. I advise you to buy only bottled and barrel wine. A beverage made from cardboard bags is good for cooking at best, but you shouldn’t drink it. If the manufacturer saves on packaging, this is a sure sign of poor quality.

When choosing a wine, pay special attention to the cork. It should not leak or dry out. Modern wine corks are made from wood and plastic. Although the plastic does not dry out, wooden corks are preferable as they do not affect the taste and smell. The first thing experienced winemakers do after opening a bottle is sniffing the cork. If you smell a musty smell, you can’t drink wine, it has deteriorated.

6. The price of the bottle. Only naive people believe that there is good wine on sale at a price below 350 rubles per bottle. There are no miracles in the world, a quality product cannot be cheap.

The taste of cognac largely depends on the correct storage. So that the drink does not spoil and continues to delight you with its unsurpassed organoleptic properties, you need to create suitable conditions in the house. This is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. It is enough to control four parameters: bottle position, tightness, temperature and light.

Few people can afford to store cognac in oak barrels, limiting themselves to ordinary bottles. But in bottles the cognac doesn’t get any better. If you do not create suitable conditions, its quality only deteriorates. Therefore, I do not recommend stocking up on a drink for several years in advance, it is much wiser to periodically renew your stocks.

When storing cognac at home, be sure to pay attention to the following points:

1. Position of the bottle. Cognac alcohol quickly absorbs any odors, so the bottle must be in a strictly upright position. Otherwise, after a while, the drink will smell like a cork.

2. Tightness. To prevent the cork from drying out and the ingress of air, the neck of the bottle is poured with sealing wax. Do this if you plan to drink cognac only after a few years, then it will not deteriorate.

Opened cognac can be stored for no longer than 2-3 months. Of course, it does not turn sour like wine or beer, but trapped air quickly degrades the aroma and taste. It is better to pour the unfinished cognac into a container of smaller volume and close it tightly.

3. Temperature and light. The optimum storage temperature for cognac is -5-15 ° C. You also need to protect the drink from direct sunlight, keeping it in a dark room.

Subject to these conditions, the shelf life of cognac is unlimited.